Thursday, December 26, 2019

Critical Commentary On Freud s The Dream Work

Critical Commentary From Sigmund Freud’s The Dream-work, in Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis The main focus of Freud’s essay centres on the idea that there are two forms the dream can take, the manifest dream, and the latent dream. The process by which the latent dream transforms into the manifest dream is called the ‘dream-work’, and the opposite is the individual’s ‘work of interpretation’. He explains that the ‘dream-work’ consists of four main elements that allow the individual to form an understanding of the dream itself, and reveal the meaning. The first process of ‘condensation’ can be described as an ‘abbreviated translation’ of the latent dream, into the manifest dream, which will always have a much smaller content, thus making the dream more obscure, as various latent dream-thoughts, can be condensed into one manifest dream. Freud then describes ‘displacement’ as the process that replaces a latent element of a dream with something more remote, an allusion. Thus, this explain s how the dream-work can turn unacceptable material into material more acceptable through the unconscious, by creating an allusion of the latent dream. The third process that Freud suggests that dreams follow, serves as a messenger, as it is the process the unconscious follows in order to present ideas to the conscious. This process is ‘representation’, otherwise known as ‘figurability’, which transforms thoughts into visual elements. The fourth and final process is known as ‘secondaryShow MoreRelated Art, Surrealism, and the Grotesque Essay4657 Words   |  19 Pagescontrol it. The simultaneity of mutually exclusive emotional states, and the discomfort it might cause, inspires a Freudian analytic critical approach because of its focus on controlling repressed desires through therapeutic rationality. There are volumes of Freudian art criticism, which typically begin by calling attention to manifestations, in some work of art, of the darkest desires of the id. Perhaps in no field of art criticism does Freuds name appear more frequently than in Read More Analysis of The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson2888 Words   |  12 Pagesletters than of numbers and ultimately broke out of the engineering/law mold and devoted himself to the written word. Stevenson was first published in 1876, in his mid-twenties, as his essays began to appear in Cornhill Magazine (Columbia). His work was first published in book form in 1878 when the travel story An Inland Voyage was made available to English readers. After his marriage in 1880 to Frances Osbourne (known to him as Fanny), Stevenson’s popularity grew with the publication of TreasureRead MoreClose Reading2901 Words   |  12 Pageslife. [4]â€Å" the singing, the summer tree, their garden, the move to another house’ Paulin (1975). The idea of bringing a picture to life is an example of what Sigmund Freud in his essay The Uncanny (1919), would call an uncanny effect [5]â€Å" it is in the highest degree uncanny when inanimate objects—a picture†¦come to life† Freud (1997) Another effect is the double, Hardy does not use past tense, instead we are given paradoxically two presents. As we cannot have two presents, we separate the pastRead MoreCleanth Brookss Essay Irony as a Principle of Structure9125 Words   |  37 Pagescultural and critical theory library Open source archive of ebooks, texts, videos, documentary films and podcasts Pages * Home * List of major critical theorists * What is Critical theory ? * What is Frankfurt School ? * Support Critical Theory Library * Contact This Blog This Blog  Ã‚  Ã‚   |    | ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form    Home  » texts  » History amp; Class Consciousness: Preface by Georg Lukà ¡cs (1923) Thursday, February 3, 2011Read MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pages(Cineloops) DETECTIVES FROM SCOTLAND YARD (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) CAR THIEVES [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 1) WORTH A FORTUNE [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) APRIL FOOLS DAY [Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) PROFESSOR BOFFIN S UMBRELLA (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 2) OPERATION MASfERMIND (Longman Structural Readers, Stage 3) QUESTION AND ANSWER: Graded Aural/Oral Exercises READING AND WRITING ENGLISH-A First Year Programme for Children LOOK, LISTEN AND LEARNl Sets 1-4Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesa text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others who should know better) to trivialize this

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Essay on The Great Depression - 905 Words

The Great Depression Many times throughout history, the United States has undergone economic depression. The most recognized period of economic depression is called the Great Depression. The Great Depression is well known because of the seriousness of the stock market crash. The results of the crash were more serious than any other crash throughout American History. The Great Depression caused a change in the nature of the American family, an increase in poverty, and President Herbert Hoovers proposal for immediate action by the government, balanced his belief in rugged individualism with the economic necessities. While most Americans are familiar with the Great Depression as a time of economic disaster,†¦show more content†¦According to an old study, 26,000 American businesses collapsed; in 1931, 28,000 more met the same fate. In addition, by the beginning of 1932, nearly 3,500 banks, holding billions of dollars in uninsured deposits, had gone under. Twelve million people were unemployed (nearly 25 percent of the workforce), and the real earnings for those still lucky enough to have jobs fell by a third. This statistical evidence effectively illustrates the increase in poverty caused by the Great Depression. An additional result of the Great Depression was that President Hoover balanced his belief of rugged individualism with the economic necessities of the time by proposing direct action by the government. Hoover had only been in office for eight months when the stock market crashed. At first, he treated this financial disaster and decline in employment and business that followed the Great Depression as a panic. According to The American Pageant He was accused of saying, yet did not use these precise words, that prosperity was just around the corner. As the depression got worse, Hoover became increasingly concerned about the troubles of Americans. Hoover refused to agree with the request of the Democrats in Congress, who wanted the government to distribute money to the unemployed. †¦[Hoover] as a rugged individualist deeply rooted in an earlier era of free enterprise, shrank from the heresy of governmentShow MoreRelatedThe Depression Of The Great Depression1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfar-reaching consequences as the Great Depression. This experience was the most extended and severe depression of the Western world. It was an economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. A large amount of America’s labor force lost their jobs and suffered during this crisis. During the nation’s financial disaster, Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president and made extensive changes to America’s political structure. The effects of the Great Depression had lasting consequences that areRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think that the stock crash was to blame for the Great Depression but that is not correct. Both the crash and depression were the result of problems with the economy that were still underneath society s minds. The depression affected people in a series of ways: poverty is spreading causing farm distr ess, unemployment, health, family stresses and unfortunately, discrimination increases. America tended to blame Hoover for the depression and all the problems. When the 1932 election came peopleRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The world had faced two main economic problems. The first one was the Great Depression in the early of 20th Century. The second was the recent international financial crisis in 2008. The United States and Europe suffered severely for a long time from the great depression. The great depression was a great step and changed completely the economic policy making and the economic thoughts. It was not only an economic situation bit it was also miserable making, made people more attentionRead MoreThe Great Depression1292 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the crash Before the start of the great depression the United States was a country of great economic wealth, with new technology being invented and a boom in industry. Due to a boom in America’s Industry because of World War One the economy was at an all-time high with a tremendous amount of prosperity. Following the end of world war one the industrial might that America had was being used for peaceful, domestic purposes instead of being used for violence and war. New technologies like carsRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression2071 Words   |  9 PagesPaul Von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor on the 30th January 1933. The Depression did play a vital role in this, however other factors such as the Nazis propaganda, the resentment of the Weimar republic and the political situation of 1932-1933 also contributed to his success. Before the Great Depression, the Nazis gained 12 seats and 2.6% of the vote in the May election of 1928. Despite this, by July 1932, Hitler gained 230 seats and 37.3% of the vote in the Reichstag. This is a dramaticRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were discovering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreThe Great Depression1551 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Depression was one of the most devastating events recorded in history. The nation as a whole plummeted in one econ omic downfall. Few individuals escaped the effects of the depression. The hardship of unemployment and the loss of homes and farms were a large portion of the pain caused by the economic crisis. Through all of these sufferings, women had a large impact on society. Women faced heavy discrimination and social criticism during the Depression Even though through research it is provenRead MoreThe Great Depression1186 Words   |  5 Pagesfriends is the true definition of of what the Great Depression really was. It was a time that most people want to never remember or ever happen again. You would think the United States would have learned from their mistakes but it seems we are going down the same road once again without even taking a step back and realizing it. When people talk about the Great Depression not a single person will have anything good to say about it. It caused families a great deal of pain that they will never forget. WithRead MoreThe Great Depression1368 Words   |  6 PagesAfter WW1 the Great Depression had a very late impact on the major film companies in France, when it did, it unfortunately caused several film studios to go bankrupt, then in the late 1920’s to 1930’s many small film companies and groups emerged giving birth to the tendency called poetic realism. Because the large companies who made films with a focus on making money were gone the filmmakers and artists were able to concern themselves with the art of film, they often took poetic innovations thatRead MoreGreat Depression7197 Words   |  29 PagesGreat Depression From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia {draw:frame} Dorothea Langes Migrant Mother depicts destitute pea pickers in California, centering on Florence Owens Thompson, age 32, a mother of seven children, in Nipomo, California, March 1936. The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression) in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

Critical Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

Question: Discuss about the Critical Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. Answer: Introduction: Google was born out of a research of a number of prior permutations and combinations for facilitating online access to billion of users with regard to information. The inventors of the company, Sergey Brin and Larry Page started BackRub in 1996, through which it used to link web pages for enabling a certain search string to find any information (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Google was born in the year 1998, which was coined after the term gogol. The ease of operating the search engine Google by the users propelled the company to dizzying heights, posing stiff challenges to its competitors and even eliminating them from the competition as it gradually spread its activities and functioning across every spectrum around the world. After gaining a stable ground, it acquired several companies along the way; the most important was Orkut, which used to be popular in some South American nations and in some developing countries in the Asian economy (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). It owns several renowned websites like Picasa, YouTube and Google+. Before Facebook started to breath down the neck of Google, it held the distinction of being the most valuable company in the world before being toppled by Apple in 2011 (Bygrave 2014). Since it is a very common phenomenon to have ethical issues being encountered by all companies in operation, Google also faced similar dilemma, especially when it entered China. Chinas government has strict rules and regulations with respect to internet activities and many publishers and authors have accused the company of their copyright infringement, which is considered a serious violation in the eyes of law (Doh, Husted and Yang 2016). Close on the heels of infringement of copyright comes the issue of privacy and its protection from fraud. This has been given a serious thought by governments of different nations as many users have alleged that their information security is at risk of getting exposed in the light of Googles intrusion on the privacy domain. To protect the interest of its stakeholders along with privacy, certain defense mechanisms have been incorporated for better corporate governance. Stakeholder protection: Google being the largest search engine site in the world and one of the top five companies in terms of market value, it has a huge responsibility of the rights and duties of its stakeholders, as without their support and commitment, it will not be possible for the company to carry out their daily operations around the globe, with varied rules and regulations in different countries. Google follows certain principles of corporate governance and philosophies, which protect it from being dragged to court over serious allegations of breach of trust. Since the business premise of Google is to help and empower the common man to access uninterrupted services for information gathering, it has to abide by the law of the land and cooperate with it, whenever any issue comes up for redress. Data protection law is of utmost importance as any violation in this aspect is not tolerated by anyone in the eyes of law (Hartman et al. 2014). Any user who wants to access any information he wishes to have o r wants to transact online, he/she expects the service provider to protect his/her credentials and not divulge any details, which might get compromised. The purpose and objectives of Google is not only to facilitate information to the world, but to also empower them through various channels of service with protection of data. By virtue of its vast network and influence in the global arena, Google has the requisite power and ability to protect the lives of its stakeholders through various means. The company has to ensure that it protects the information of its users and maintain confidentiality of the accounts so that data does not get into the wrong hands. If any information reaches the wrong person, then the company has to own up the responsibility of the same and restore the privacy. They have to upgrade the firewall protection software in their systems from time to time so that the information is not shared with any third person without obtaining the prior permission from the concerned user. The most important stakeholders of Google can be classified as: Users Employees Advertisers Investors Governments Communities Users: Users are those persons, who use the search engine of the company for meeting their requirements. They are individuals and groups of persons or organizations, who access the database for perusal of information for free, as the users do not have to pay for accessing any information on the Googles platform. They are the end users of the companys services and their usage and behavior determines the strategy of the company and its philosophy (Kolk 2016). Employees: For Google, its employees are of paramount importance as it is they, who dedicate and perform to the best of their abilities for bringing the desired result for the organization and elevate it to the pinnacle of success. Since employees always want a work culture where idea and creativity are given priority along with good compensation and nice reward packages, Google takes care of these expectations through facilitation of multiple options (Rupp et al. 2015). The company provides several facilities to the employees like fitness centre, launderettes, daycare among others. It provides other perquisites like buffet lunches, basketball court, volleyball arena, reimbursement for tuition of their children and on top on this, it also helps them set up solar panels on the rooftops of the employees residents in order to promote the culture and habit of green living. Since it has a flexible work culture, many people consider it as one of the most desired companies to work for as it also takes care of the employees of the suppliers through its code of conduct for the suppliers. Advertisers: The success of Google depends mainly on the advertisers as its the primary source of generating revenue. Since the stakeholders are interested in getting advertisements which are effective in nature, Google provides that level and quality of the same, which in turn bodes well for the advertisers as well. Googles corporate social responsibility (CSR) is mainly directed towards its advertising companies, which provide the platform for the company to showcase their products and services (Rupp et al. 2015). Investors: Google went for the public offering in the year 2004 and since then the CSR activity has been actively influenced through the participation of its investors, who are considered as important the employees itself working in the company. The company has been able to raise a large amount of capital through these investors and they in turn, have helped the organization grow to where it is now. Since the main focus of Google is to provide useful products for its users, the investors get satisfied as the company turns more profitable. Governments: The growth and success of any organization depends greatly on the established rules and regulations of the government of a nation and Google is no exception either. Since the operation of Google is global in nature, it has to abide by the prevailing laws of different countries as government is a major stakeholder in this aspect. Being a major stakeholder, it has to ensure as to whether the company is discharging its services in line with its regulatory compliances. This is in line with Googles own policy of making money without any evil. Communities: Community plays an important part in the success story of the organization as their perception highly influences the smooth functioning of the company as a whole (Zheng, Luo and Wang 2014). It has committed more than $100 million through its charitable arm Google.org and helps in combating climate change, poverty and public health among others. These CSR activities have propelled the company to the apex of the growth pyramid and establish itself as a responsible global corporate. Privacy management and profit: Being such a large company, it endures many risks related to ethical code of conduct in the world of technology. Even though Google has been named as the pioneer of compliance with regard to ethical rules and regulations, certain exceptions have marred its reputation a bit while encountering allegations and lawsuits in some European countries and the home country (US) as well for copyright infringement and illegal advertisements. It has had to face similar issues from numerous publishers and artistes accusing the company of violating the code of conduct by digitally uploading their works without prior permission or authority (Mason and Simmons 2014). Many European nations have made provisions for stricter compliance of rules and regulations so as to protect the users data and information from getting misused by any company. In its home country, it has faced intense scrutiny over the companys latest acquisition of Motorola Mobility. With the growth of the company, it will face an incr easing amount of pressure from its competitors and startups, which fear their functioning, might be at stake due to the formers highly influential conduct and practices. With the emergence of internet and evolution of technology in the twenty first century, the world has witnessed an exponential growth of information sharing, which are sometimes beneficial and in some cases against the set protocols of the law of the land (Christensen, Mackey and Whetten 2014). Since Google provides information to its users free of cost, the users also think it as normal to share their basic details in lieu of getting that same information and not realize the consequences of the same. In recent times, as it has been revealed that both Google and Facebook share the user information for tailoring their advertisement philosophy, it has shaken the user community to a great extent. Although Google has a privacy policy in place, where it is specifically mentioned that the company does not part with the user information, there have been several instances that user information has been breached without their prior consent (Danezis et al. 2015). Making profit while also protecting the privacy quotient is the path the company has to choose to function in a prudent and responsible fashion. Providing information to the user does not mean that the company should share the same with any third party without rightful consent of the user concerned, as the same would amount to violation of ethical code of conduct between them (Trepte et al. 2015). Resorting to this will compromise the trust factor the user community place on the company as their perception will change with a change in the companys attitude towards them. The footprint which the company has built through years of hard work and dedication to the community at large will evaporate in an instant if profit comes at the cost of privacy breach. In spite of being the most popular site for searching content, 52% of the users have expressed concern over the companys privacy policy, which could pose a major obstacle in building bridges with the user base as trust takes a hit (Bourgeois et al. 2016). One of the pressing issues relating to privacy of user information confronting Google is the fact, that the company stores the information strings on its database as claimed by various legal circles but Google denies any breach of the same as according to them, it helps in refining their activity and streamline them for better customer experience. For security purposes, the US government can pull the company to provide any logical explanation with regard to information leak and data protection (Kuchinke et al. 2016). Not only personal information of a user, but the national security of a country gets compromised if the company fails to comply with the stated rules and protocols of the government, as data breach can endanger the sovereignty of a nation when other nations try to take unfair advantage of the loopholes. Since privacy is a tricky issue, Google has had to tread a slippery path when it decided to enter China, where stricter rules and regulations awaited them (Bygrave 2014). Being the worlds most populous nation with more than 1 billion people, Google wanted to tap the opportunity of growing their business over there, but with tough riders in the form of strict privacy rules of the country. Since the government of China is very particular about its security and information aspects, Google had to endure the prospect of scrutiny by the government on the users search patterns, which proved to become a conflict of interest with the companys philosophy of individual data protection (Gellert and Gutwirth 2013). Gradually, the company started to realize that its benefits are outweighing costs to a significant extent as it resorted to self-censorship of some controversial websites for better regulation. Later on, the situation turned volatile as it started to encounter various problems from the government, which began blocking several sites to the users. Profits tumbled to record lows as cyber attacks stared to hit the company hard, which ultimately forced Google to shift its head office to Hong Kong (Banisar 2016). In the backdrop of this phenomenon, Google envisaged setting up a warning and defense mechanism to enable users beforehand as to whether accessing a site is allowed (Swire 2014). Restriction of information to the user meant it wont be able to access data which could be sensitive or confidential from the governments point of view. Tracking by Google has proved to be a major headache for the company as it tries to fend off accusations of data breach from different privacy advocates, who feel it violates the rights and privacies of the users (Gutwirth and De Hert 2015). Users sometimes are also not aware of the ramifications of the same, who regularly browse the internet for accessing a plethora of information. From the companys point of view, accessing of private searches is needed in order to enable it to develop advertisements and also for making location-enabled network features and stay ahead in the competition (Hoepman 2014). In this context, it is prudent to mention that since all the services provided by Google are free of cost to the users, consumers are free to decide upon themselves whether to place greater emphasis on their privacy aspect or the search engine providers free services. Protecting privacy and maintaining profitability can go hand in hand if the company abides by the set out rules and regulations existing in different countries. Adherence to data protection rules and protocols is the first step in guaranteeing security and confidentiality of information to the users (Silva et al. 2015). According to several security analysts, Google was exploiting some loopholes in web browser application Safari by bypassing the policies but soon it fell in line after the US Federal Trade Commission indicted the organization for the same and imposed a hefty fine of $22.5 million on it to settle the dispute (Oliver 2015). Effects of government regulation and intervention: Owing to several issues and complaints from the consumers, many governments have proposed amendments to its existing laws and some have implemented certain strictures pertaining to the access of information of the users. Certain countries are promoting self-regulation mechanisms for the companies providing content materials on the net, while some are issuing blanket ban on the unhindered proliferation of information to the end users (Kshetri 2014). The effect of this approach undermines the very premise of liberating information access to all, as restricting any access might catapult to a grave scenario for the future companies as well. With growing concern for privacy issues, it is imperative for the government to formulate strict yet flexible regulatory strategies, which will enable the firm to deliver information in a legitimate way without compromising on the security aspect. Since lots of rules and new legislations would be an impediment to its growth prospects, Google has tied up with other online firms to stave off the implementation of the same (Martin, Borah and Palmatier 2017). Too much interference by any government regulatory authority into the functioning of the internet companies would stifle the freedom of expression and hinder the growth prospects of the company in the future (Randall et al. 2016). However, with the growing instances of cyber attacks and proliferation of fraudulent online activities, it wont be easy for the firms to stonewall the implementation of certain regulating and restricting mechanisms. Therefore, it is in the best interests of these companies to cooperate with the government agencies and help in framing the laws, which will negate the negative implications in the future, if any (De Hert and Boulet 2016). Conclusion: In light of the above facts and deliberations, a company which started from the scratch to becoming one of the worlds' most valuable and respected technological companies, Google has established itself as a pioneer in the modern search engine era. While many may have termed its penchant for acquisition of companies as an overreach, it is an indisputable fact that the services rendered by it are accepted widely across the globe. It has earned itself the distinction of being one of the most favoured companies to work for as the benefits provided by Google are socially driven for the empowerment of its employees. Not only does it have on site facilities for them, but it also promotes self belief and participation in making company decisions. The CSR activities of Google are also commendable in the sense, that it provides millions of funds to different global charities and supporting of green initiatives. In addition to being a facilitator of growth, the company is also bogged down by pr ivacy and security issues of its user base. From its bitter experience in China to tracking the user database for gaining information in a clandestine manner, it has endured several challenges and lawsuits in court of law from a number of authors and publishers, who considered the companys acts as a blatant infringement of copyright. In light of the above arguments, the company has been forced to draw a fine line of balance between profiteering and protection of privacy. Since this issue will take time to die down, Google has developed and incorporated certain defense mechanisms in its online services as well as deputed lobbyists to stall any legislation by the government(s), which will prove detrimental to its growth philosophy of earning revenue through advertisements and tracking user preferences. Since it has contributed in corporate social responsibilities to a great extent, investors have also shown serious interest in promoting the companys activities. From the perspective of the community at large and also from the governments standpoint on data privacy and information security, there remains a great scope for improvement in the way it conducts its business activities by not antagonizing anyone and getting itself entangled in legal crosshairs. References: Banisar, D., 2016. National Comprehensive Data Protection/Privacy Laws and Bills 2016 Map.Browser Download This Paper. Barnard-Wills, D., 2016. The technology foresight activities of European Union data protection authorities.Technological Forecasting and Social Change. Bourgeois, J., Kerry, C., Long, W., Meulenbelt, M. and Raul, A.C., 2016. Essentially equivalent: a comparison of the legal orders for privacy and data protection in the European Union and United States. Bygrave, L.A., 2014.Data privacy law: an international perspective(Vol. 108). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Christensen, L.J., Mackey, A. and Whetten, D., 2014. Taking responsibility for corporate social responsibility: The role of leaders in creating, implementing, sustaining, or avoiding socially responsible firm behaviors.The Academy of Management Perspectives,28(2), pp.164-178. Danezis, G., Domingo-Ferrer, J., Hansen, M., Hoepman, J.H., Metayer, D.L., Tirtea, R. and Schiffner, S., 2015. Privacy and Data Protection by Design-from policy to engineering.arXiv preprint arXiv:1501.03726. De Hert, P. and Boulet, G., 2016. The Co-existence of Administrative and Criminal Law Approaches to Data Protection Wrongs. InEnforcing Privacy(pp. 357-394). Springer International Publishing. Doh, J., Husted, B.W. and Yang, X., 2016. Guest Editors Introduction: Ethics, Corporate Social Responsibility, and Developing Country Multinationals.Business Ethics Quarterly,26(03), pp.301-315. Gellert, R. and Gutwirth, S., 2013. The legal construction of privacy and data protection.Computer Law Security Review,29(5), pp.522-530. Gutwirth, S. and De Hert, P. eds., 2015.Reforming European data protection law. Dordrecht: Springer. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R., MacDonald, C. and Hartman, L.P., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hoepman, J.H., 2014, June. Privacy design strategies. InIFIP International Information Security Conference(pp. 446-459). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Kolk, A., 2016. The social responsibility of international business: From ethics and the environment to CSR and sustainable development.Journal of World Business,51(1), pp.23-34. Kshetri, N., 2014. Big data? s impact on privacy, security and consumer welfare.Telecommunications Policy,38(11), pp.1134-1145. Kuchinke, W., Krauth, C., Bergmann, R., Karakoyun, T., Woollard, A., Schluender, I., Braasch, B., Eckert, M. and Ohmann, C., 2016. Legal assessment tool (LAT): an interactive tool to address privacy and data protection issues for data sharing.BMC medical informatics and decision making,16(1), p.81. Martin, K.D., Borah, A. and Palmatier, R.W., 2017. Data privacy: Effects on customer and firm performance.Journal of Marketing,81(1), pp.36-58. Mason, C. and Simmons, J., 2014. Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.77-86. Oliver, P., 2015. Privacy and Data Protection: The Rights of Economic Actors. Randall, S.M., Ferrante, A.M., Boyd, J.H., Brown, A.P. and Semmens, J.B., 2016. Limited privacy protection and poor sensitivity: Is it time to move on from the statistical linkage key-581?.Health Information Management Journal,45(2), pp.71-79. Rupp, D.E., Wright, P.M., Aryee, S. and Luo, Y., 2015. Organizational justice, behavioral ethics, and corporate social responsibility: Finally the three shall merge.Management and Organization Review,11(01), pp.15-24. Silva, P., Amorim, V.J., Ribeiro, F.N. and Muzetti, I., 2015, November. PrivacyMod: Controlling and Monitoring Abuse of Privacy-Related Data by Android Applications. InComputing Systems Engineering (SBESC), 2015 Brazilian Symposium on(pp. 42-47). IEEE. Swire, P., 2014. Peter Hustinx and three clichs about EU-US data privacy. Trepte, S., Teutsch, D., Masur, P.K., Eicher, C., Fischer, M., Hennhfer, A. and Lind, F., 2015. Do people know about privacy and data protection strategies? Towards the Online Privacy Literacy Scale(OPLIS). InReforming European data protection law(pp. 333-365). Springer Netherlands. Zheng, Q., Luo, Y. and Wang, S.L., 2014. Moral degradation, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility in a transitional economy.Journal of business ethics,120(3), pp.405-421.

Monday, December 2, 2019

Insight in to Jean Watsons Caring Theory free essay sample

In To Jean Watsons Caring Theory Dr. Jean Watson is a nursing theorist whom work has expanded the concept of caring within the nursing profession. Jean Watson’s Caring theory focuses on the transpersonal interactions between nurse and patient to establish a caring relationship. In this paper, I will define theory as it pertains to nursing. I will also give a general background of Watson’s caring theory. I will include a description of concepts within Watson’s theory as well as, major theory assumptions related to person, health, nursing, and environment in the context of the caring moment. In this paper, I will apply Watson’s theory to one specific nurse-patient interaction, which I encountered during my experience as a nurse. I will also describe how Watson’s carative factors were utilized in the transpersonal relationship. I will also give a personal reflection on my professional experience that is basis of this paper. We will write a custom essay sample on Insight in to Jean Watsons Caring Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The term theory has many definitions, but generally it refers to a group of related concepts, definitions, and statements that propose a view of nursing phenomena from which to describe, explain, or predict outcomes (Chitty, 2005). Theories are important because it help guide nurses in the direction to provide the best care to patients’. A benefit of having a defined body of theory in nursing allow the nurse to provide efficient patient care, promote nursing status as a professional, improved communication amongst caregivers and patients, and guidance for nurses to engage in research to further their education . Dr. Jean Watson is an American nursing scholar born in West Virginia. Dr. Watson attended the University of Colorado where she earned her Bachelor’s of Science degree in nursing and psychology. Watson later earned her master’s degree in psychiatric-mental health nursing and continued to earn her Ph. D in education psychology and counseling (Chantal, 2003). In 1979, Dr. Watson’s theory of science of caring was first published in Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. In the publication, she issued a call for a return to the earlier values of nursing and emphasized the caring aspects nursing. Watson’s work addresses the philosophical question of the nature of nursing when viewed as a human-human relationship (Chitty, 2005). There are three major concept of Watson’s theory: a) the carative factors, b) the transpersonal caring relationship, and c) the caring occasion/caring moment. The carative factors provide a focus for nursing phenomena. Carative factors specify the meaning of the relationship of the nurse and patient as human beings. Transpersonal caring relationships describe how the nurse goes beyond an objective assessment, showing concerns towards the person’s subjective and meaning regarding their health care situation. The goal of transpersonal caring relationship is to protect, enhance, and preserve the person’s dignity, humanity, wholeness, and inner harmony(Cara, 2003). Caring occasion/caring moment occurs whenever the nurse and another come together in a given moment for human-to-human interaction. Watson believes that both nurse and patient can be influenced by caring moments depending on their action and choice within the relationship. Dr. Watson’s carative factors consist of 10 elements: 1. The formation of a humanistic-altruistic system of values. 2. Instillation of faith-hope. . The development of a helping-trusting, human care relationship. 4. The cultivation of sensitivity to one’s self and to other’s 5. The promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings 6. Creative problem solving caring process 7. The promotion of transpersonal teaching and learning 8. The provision for a supportive, protective and/or corrective mental, physical, socio-cultural and spiritual environment. 9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs 10. The allowance for existential-phenomenological forces. (Cara, 2003, p. 52). As Watson continued to develop her theory, she developed clinical caritas processes, which replaced the carative factors. Clinical caritas processes were: 1. Practice of loving kindness within context of caring consciousness. 2. Being authentically present, and enabling and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one-being-cared for. 3. Cultivation of one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion. 4. Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting caring relationship. . Being supportive of, the expression of positive and negative feelings to connect with a deeper spirit of one self. 6. Creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; to engage in artistry of caring-healing practices 7. Participate in genuine teaching-learning experience that promote unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others; frames of reference. 8. Creating an environment that is conductive to healing at every level, subtle environment, which potentiates the ability to sustain or develop dignity, comfort, and peace. Ensuring basic needs are met, with a caring conscious, providing â€Å"human care essentials†, which tends to the individual’s mindbodyspirit. 10. Allowing the expression one’s spirituality and attending to spiritual needs as it relates to ( Cara, 2003). According to Suliman, Welmann, Omer, and Thomas (2009), transpersonal relationship depends on the nurse moral commitment in protecting and enhancing human dignity. It also depends on the nurses’ caring conscious communicated to preserve and honor the embodied spirit. The nurse caring conscious and human-to-human relationship potentiates a healing process that is based on the nurses’ intentional connection, perception, and experience. Dr. Watson’s carative factors can be utilized in the transpersonal relationship in the clinical setting in many ways. When developing a nurse-patient relationship, it is very import to establish a helping-trusting, human care relationship with the patient. Establishing a relationship that is genuine in nature, which goes beyond working nurse-patient relationship is necessary to build a transpersonal relationship. Transpersonal relationship can develop from the nurse-patient incorporating spiritual matters in the healing process. The nurse ability to instill hope and faith to patients who are in distress, exhibit a sense of the nurse caring conscious. Promoting hope when modern medicine have nothing else to offer, the nurse can continue to give faith-hope to provide a sense of well-being through belief’s which are meaningful to the individual (Holland Wade, amp; Kasper, (2006). Assisting with the gratification of human needs could also be utilized in the transpersonal relationship. When developing a transpersonal relationship one must remember to protect the dignity of the patient at all times. Assisting the patient with basic needs with intentional caring consciousness, while administering â€Å" human care essentials,† which potentiate alignment of mindbodyspirit and unity of being in all aspect of care (Cara, 2003). The promotion of transpersonal teaching and learning is also useful in the development of transpersonal relationships. Engaging in meaningful and intentional caring process allows the nurse to establish transpersonal relationship with the patient. This encounter also allows the nurse and patient to communicate in a way where each one’s perspectives are evaluated for understanding. Understanding the person’s perception of the situation can assist the nurse to prepare a cognitive plan. This interaction promotes mutuality between both nurse and patient, which is essential in developing a meaningful relationship. Dr. Watson define the person as a being-in-the-world who holds three spheres of being-mind, body, and spirit that are influenced by the concept of self and who is unique and free to make choices (Cara, 2003). Dr. Watson’s assumption of caring as it relate to the person states â€Å" †¦a caring person is that the person is somehow responsive to another person as a unique individual, perceives the other’s feelings, and sets one person apart from other†. Dr. Watson’s believes that a person’s health is subjective. Health corresponds to the person’s harmony, or balance, within the mind, body, and spirit. Dr. Watson’s assumption of health states that caring promotes health more than curing and effective caring promotes health to an individual as well as family growth (Cara, 2003). According to Dr. Watson nursing is defined as a â€Å"human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, aesthetic, and ethical human care transactions† (2008a, p. 54). Dr. Watson’s assumption as it pertains to nursing states that human caring in nursing is not just an emotion, concern, attitude, or benevolent desire, but rather a personal response (Cara, 2003). Dr. Watson believe the person’s environment could expand awareness and consciousness, while promoting the healing of the, mind, body, and spirit. Dr. Watson’s assumption of caring as it relates to the environment states that â€Å"a caring environment offers the development of potential while allowing the person to choose the best action for the self at a given point in time† (Alligood, 2010, p. 109). To better understand Dr. Watson’s theory, I will apply her theory to a specific nurse-patient encounter. When using clinical caritas process (CCP), I will also attach the corresponding numbers to denote its use within my clinical story. While working in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), I was assigned a patient by the name of Ms. Anderson. Ms. Anderson was 1 day post-op of having a vaginal hysterectomy. Upon getting report regarding Ms. Anderson’s condition, I was informed that the patient was â€Å"very needy† and didn’t want to go home†. When I went into Ms. Anderson’s room, I introduced myself and told her that I will be her nurse for the day. I proceeded to ask Ms. Anderson if there is anything I could do for her at that time. She told me that see just want the lights off and the curtains closed. After an hour I went back into Ms. Anderson’s room informing her that she will be discharged that day. She appeared very anxious and apprehensive. I held her hand as I asked â€Å"Ms. Anderson you seem a little upset is there a reason you do not want to go home’’(CCP#4). Ms. Anderson began to cry and I assured her that everything will be ok, but she had to believe that I was there to try to help her (CCP#2). Ms. Anderson proceeded to tell me that she does not live in this state and she thought that she would be hospitalized for at least three days. Ms. Anderson said she had a train ticket back to her home state of Atlanta, but the train ticket was for the following day. I acknowledged Ms. Anderson’s concerns and informed her that she need not to worry (CCP#5). I informed Ms. Anderson’s doctor and notified the hospital social worker regarding her situation (CCP#6). After collaborating with the doctor and social worker, we were able to accommodate Ms. Anderson for another night. I inform Ms. Anderson that she could stay in the unit and I will continue to assist in any way until her departure the following day (CCP#1). Allowing Ms. Anderson to stay in the hospital an additional night, eliminated her anxiety. Dr. Watson’s theory has personally expanded my perception regarding how patients’ should be managed as a whole. When using Watson’s theory in practice, it allows me to place focus mainly on the patients needs by the use of having a caring conscious rather the use of technology or medication. In conclusion, Watson’s caring theory provides a guide for nurses to practice nursing by way of having a caring conscious. Nursing theories provide a guide for nurses to administer evidence-base nursing to provide best care to patients’. The major concepts of Watson’s theory, which are carative factors, transpersonal relationships, and caring moment allow the nurse to provide a foundation for nurses to use within the clinical setting. Dr. Watson’s theory assumptions provide a guide for nurses’ to establish human-to-human relationships, which could be applied during a caring moment. The nurse ability to establish a caring relationship with the patient is the focal point of Watson’s theory. Applying Watson’s theory in the clinical setting could enhance patients’ sense of well-being, while developing the nurse ability to establish caring relationships.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

How does Starbucks deal with 5 management principles Essay Example

How does Starbucks deal with 5 management principles Essay Example How does Starbucks deal with 5 management principles Paper How does Starbucks deal with 5 management principles Paper Management has been defined in various ways by different authors and scholars; however most of these definitions converge towards one definition. Management is the process that entails planning, organising, leading and controlling all efforts of members of an organisation and the use of other organisational resources to accomplish organisational goals. Management is, therefore, a systematic process that utilizes resources efficiently through the effort of others to achieve specific stated goals (Dale 4). Managers whether chief executive officers, departmental heads or supervisors must perform certain functions and process which pertain to management. These functions also known as principles include: planning and strategy, decision making, organizing and control, leadership, communications, teamwork, HR and employee motivation, global management, organizational change and ethics. This paper aims to discuss the application of these management principles to Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks Corporation began in 1971 with a single store undertaking as a retailer and roaster of ground and whole bean tea, coffee and spices. Currently, it has millions of customers in over 50 countries world wide. Starbucks mission is ‘to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time. ’ Starbucks specialises in coffee and believes in serving the best quality coffee possible through ensuring high standards in coffee growing and rich flavouring of coffee beans at its roasting plants. Its range of products include: coffee, merchandise, hand crafted beverages, fresh food and consumer products. It is listed on NASDAQ as common stock (Starbucks 1-3). This large corporation which has existed successfully over the decades would form a good case in the analysis of how management principles are applied to the organisation which has seen its successful growth and survival. Planning and Strategy The planning and strategy formulation processes of organisations are closely intertwined. Planning is the process of setting objectives and putting in place strategies to ensure the fulfilment of the set objectives. Starbuck has a clearly set mission statement which forms the starting point in planning or strategic management process. Its mission is ‘To inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time. ’ Being a global brand, planning occurs at the corporate level head quarter and at the level of the specific stores. The top management sets the global overall strategy, which is copied across the continent while taking into consideration particular needs of each licensee store and their operating environment. The strategies set by the top management include site selection, design and creative concepts for their global stores. Organization and Control Managerial organization is the process of grouping organisational activities and forming the relationships of authority among them (Kuttyta par. 3). Starbucks is organised by having a top management then managers of various business units like Digital ventures. The top management whose chair is the Chief executive officer (the company president) is the ultimate authority. There are two managers after the CEO one responsible for Starbucks US and the other responsible for Starbucks Coffee International. The main functions of Starbucks stores are managed centrally for all its global outlets. The management consists of a global: marketing manager, supply chain manager, human resources manager, administrative and finance manager and public affairs manager. These managers liaise directly with regional store managers. Its global presence makes it almost impossible for employees to interact personally with the senior managers (Starbucks). Control on the other hand entails process and practices that managers use to ensure that performance is congruent with before stated plans (Kuttyta pars 4). The main control mechanisms at Starbucks are governance principles, committee policies and charters that guide decisions made in the organisation. Performance reviews done on all stores and regions also ensure compliance to strategic objectives. Human Resources and Employee Motivation Human resources and employee motivation involves the decisions and activities that enable an organisation to attract and retain qualified personnel in the organisation. These activities include selection, training, development, compensation and appraisal (Duening and Ivancevich 5). To begin with, in 2009 Starbucks was ranked among the 100 Best Companies to work for by Fortune. Employees are highly valued and as known as partners due to the open and direct relationships with them and Starbucks. Partners are offered comprehensive benefits such as health care benefits and flexible working hours. The optimal scheduling program implemented in 2008 allows partners to work for regular schedules and more hours. Additional benefits include savings plan and stock purchase plan. The selection process is open and acknowledges workforce diversity. The most qualified people are hired in an open process that allows competitive selection. Being an equal opportunity employer Starbucks looks at qualifications regardless of the race, origin, religion, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender identity and marital status. The same policy applies to transfers, compensation, promotion and termination benefits. Team work is an essential part of employee motivation as well as an element of organisation. Team work satisfies the employee’s need of wanting to belong to a group or a team, on the other hand it promotes good decision making in an organisation. At Starbucks team works is applies from top management to employees. Decisions are made and work assignments done in a team to promote the spirit of community and team work which is a core value of Starbuck. Leadership Leadership is a means of inspiring organisational members to achieve organisational goals, because the leader makes the members believe in what they are doing. The style of leadership in an organisation is a determinant of staff morale and is key to effective communication (Wanish pars 3-4). The managers of Starbuck are transformational leaders who believe in change and in the value of their employees, the reason why they consider their employees partners. The transformational nature of leadership has enabled the organisation to embrace environmental friendly practices like in monitoring their supplier farmers and to be socially responsible for the communities affected by their business. Changes in the organisation originate with the managers who support the change and help their partners to effect change (Starbucks). Globalization  Starbucks has a global presence in over 50 countries. Globalisation has brought a number of challenges to managers; the advances in technology have made it possible even for small firms to compete in the universal arena. Starbucks is a Multinational Corporation having significant operations each of it’s over 50 countries. The need to increase sales drove the company to China with population of 1. 3 billion many of which prefers tea. According to Degree Dictionary (pars1-2), global management is the capacity and business value needed by a multinational to operate effectively and efficiently. To properly manage its diverse staff, due to its policy of inclusion, equity and accessibility, Starbucks has created global communities and networks which serve the specific needs of its employees (partners). The partner networks help promote inclusion amidst diversity and foster professional and personal development, an example of its partner networks is Starbucks Black Partner Network, whose role is to reinforce connections among the community and assist in the professional development of partners of African descent. Starbucks operates licensing agreements for its global business. It licenses its brand name, coffee manufacturing technology and trademarks to business in air travel, retail, health care, college/ university, recreation, lodging and healthcare (Starbucks). Starbucks has global operations and products for its licensee stores. The stores have standardized operations worldwide in terms of beverage and food preparation. Decision Making A typical decision making model has six steps: problem definition, objective and criteria setting, generation of alternatives, analysing and selecting the best alternative, planning and implementation of decision and controlling the decision (Lussier 53). Decisions at Starbucks are made at various level of management. Strategic decisions are made by the top management who in turn allow business unit and operational managers to make decisions for their various units. The governance principles, committee policies and charters dictate that decisions are made after gathering sufficient information and generating alternatives. The policies are a mechanism to ensure decisions are made in the best interest of Starbucks (StarBucks). Ethics Business ethics are standards of right and wrong that influence behavior. Starbucks is concerned about its ethical behavior and has put in place ethical standards to ensure its compliance with ethics. It has long term relationships with its coffee supplier farmers worldwide to ensure the maintenance of quality and ethical standards in growing and trading by 2015. The ethical philosophy at Starbucks states that, they are aiming for a better cup of coffee which also aids in the creation of a better future for farmers and a more stable climate. By partnering with Conservation International, Starbuck have been enabled to develop guidelines on ethical sourcing which helps in purchasing coffee that is grown responsibly and traded in an ethical manner. Starbucks works closely with farmers in developing growing methods that are responsible as well as investing in coffee production communities for sustainable supply of coffee. Tea and cocoa sourced by Starbuck is also monitored to ensure ethical standards. For instance El Triunfo Reserve in Mexico is home to some of the rare bird species in Latin America at the same time the source of coffee for Starbucks. At this forest farmers protect the biodiversity and birds by using traditional shade growing and organic agricultural methods. Further the ethics campaign extends to the procurement of store products such as aprons, shelves and tables. Consideration is given to the manner in which such products are manufactured in comparison to the Supplier Social Responsibility Standards for goods. Goods and services are procured from suppliers who comply with the ethical standards and who share in Starbucks’ commitment to environmental and social responsibility. Just to show the seriousness of Starbuck to ethics by the end of 2009 they had assessed 114 factories to determine their performance as well as engaging in 37 improvement programs. Starbucks through Starbucksâ„ ¢ Shared Planetâ„ ¢ partners with non-governmental organizations to realise its objectives of community involvement, environmental stewardship and ethical sourcing. The NGO’s that are associated with Starbucks include: Conservation International, Earthwatch Institute, Fair Trade, United States Green Building Council (USGBC), Sustainable Food Lab, African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), and Business for Social Responsibility (BSR), Ceres, Save the Children, Product (RED) â„ ¢, International Youth Foundation (IYF), Ashoka Youth Ventures and Mercy Corps (Starbucks). Starbucks is an organisation with global presence and has embraced the principles of management. The planning and strategy formulation process starts with senior management then tickles down the organisation. The employees are a valued asset; they enjoy various benefits and their diversity is taken into consideration. The company is organised to have top management and business unit managers that are supported by functional managers based at the head quarters. To ensure that the organization meets its objectives periodic appraisals are carried out as a control mechanism. The transformational leadership at Starbucks has spear headed the inclusion of business ethics and social responsibility among its corporate strategies.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Free Essays on Silas Marner

Silas Marner In George Elliot’s novel, Silas Marner, the author illustrates three different types of women through her characters. There is Nancy Lameter-Cass, who concentrates on her role as a dutiful wife and on her husband’s happiness, her sister Priscilla, unmarried and managing her father’s farm she has the unconventional role and is an outcast in Ravloe, and Dolly Winthrop, who plays a good mother figure not only in her own family and to Eppie but in the community as well. Nancy Lameter concentrated on Godfrey Cass even before they were married. Although Nancy tells Priscilla that she never means to be married, she thinks of being the Squire’s wife, and treasures the dried flowers Godfrey gave her. Now that they are married she occupies herself with thoughts of Godfrey and his state of mind. Nancy had one child, but after the infant died, she decided that having no children was harder on Godfrey than her, "It was very different-it was much harder for a man to be disappointed in that way: a woman could always be satisfied with devoting herself to her husband, but a man wanted something that would make him look forward more-and sitting by the fire was so much duller to him than to a woman"(158). In this novel the character of Nancy depicts the dependent and dutiful wife. Priscilla is the opposite of her sister Nancy. Priscilla Lameter remains unmarried and runs her fathers farm, being as independent as a woman could be in the time period. Priscilla "likes to see the men mastered"(98), and is often referred to as an Old Maid. Priscilla’s being unmarried makes her the outcast in Ravloe. She never regrets her choices in life, only her sister’s. Dolly Winthrop is not only a mother figure in her own family but throughout the town; after Silas found Molly Dr. Kimble addresses Godfrey "†¦Let somebody run to W... Free Essays on Silas Marner Free Essays on Silas Marner Silas Marner In George Elliot’s novel, Silas Marner, the author illustrates three different types of women through her characters. There is Nancy Lameter-Cass, who concentrates on her role as a dutiful wife and on her husband’s happiness, her sister Priscilla, unmarried and managing her father’s farm she has the unconventional role and is an outcast in Ravloe, and Dolly Winthrop, who plays a good mother figure not only in her own family and to Eppie but in the community as well. Nancy Lameter concentrated on Godfrey Cass even before they were married. Although Nancy tells Priscilla that she never means to be married, she thinks of being the Squire’s wife, and treasures the dried flowers Godfrey gave her. Now that they are married she occupies herself with thoughts of Godfrey and his state of mind. Nancy had one child, but after the infant died, she decided that having no children was harder on Godfrey than her, "It was very different-it was much harder for a man to be disappointed in that way: a woman could always be satisfied with devoting herself to her husband, but a man wanted something that would make him look forward more-and sitting by the fire was so much duller to him than to a woman"(158). In this novel the character of Nancy depicts the dependent and dutiful wife. Priscilla is the opposite of her sister Nancy. Priscilla Lameter remains unmarried and runs her fathers farm, being as independent as a woman could be in the time period. Priscilla "likes to see the men mastered"(98), and is often referred to as an Old Maid. Priscilla’s being unmarried makes her the outcast in Ravloe. She never regrets her choices in life, only her sister’s. Dolly Winthrop is not only a mother figure in her own family but throughout the town; after Silas found Molly Dr. Kimble addresses Godfrey "†¦Let somebody run to W... Free Essays on Silas Marner Silas Marner is a novel about a character, which is portrayed in an ascending positivism throughout the whole book and scenery. One of the main aspects of Silas’ life is his life as a communal member of the village of Raveloe. Much of the dramatic force in the novel is focused on his social life as a whole. The old saying â€Å"People need people† is expounded on in this novel on the positive basis, although much of the relationships in the book are reluctant and unsuccessful. An unsuccessful relationship between Dunstan and Godfrey is one of the greatest aspects of this book which sets the narrative in motion. At the beginning of the plot, both brothers argue over borrowed money for a long time not coming to a conclusion. Their personalities show, as though they’ve set each other up, so when it comes to their misunderstanding, they would be able to bribe each other with knowledge, pretending if one doesn’t do according to the other’s will, they will both go down as one. Dunstan’s threats towards Godfrey of telling about his secret marriage have made Godfrey realize that it’s worth it to sell his horse and render his brother the monetary loan. But Dunstan’s shortcoming of accidentally killing the horse has affected their relationship indirectly, thus making him rob Silas and never come back to his homeland because of his unscrupulous character. In the end of the book, Godfrey Cass, already married to Nancy, found out about his brother’s death, which occurred fifteen years ago. He never mourned over him, but rather he is desperately pressured about his conscience and after a long scrutiny on all of the consequences that might follow, he decided to confess to his wife about the previous marriage and about his child â€Å"Eppie†. This conclusion coincides with the statement â€Å"People need people†, since Godfrey truthfully mourned over his brother, but it was an unusual mourn. Moreover, it was a psychological mour...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Process or structure of government Research Paper

Process or structure of government - Research Paper Example The head of the government who is the US president share his powers with the Congress and the Judiciary system. These three branches dependent for proper functioning of the government. Being a Federal Constitutional Republic, the United States’ Constitution is the supreme law of the land. The US Democracy is different from other democracies in that every state of the Union holds enough power to make their own reforms as long as they do not go against the Supreme Law, which is the Constitution. The Executive This is the branch that consists of the president, the vice president and fifteen cabinet departments. Every four years, the Americans go to the ballot to elect a president and his running mate who takes the position of the vice president. The president of the US is the commander-in-chief of the U.S Armed Forces and is essentially the leader of the country. It is the duty of the president to recommend legislation to Congress, convene Congress, deliver the state of the Union address to Congress every year. ... The president usually appoints fifteen cabinet members who must be approved by the Senate. The Legislature This is the arm of government tasked with legislating or rather making laws. It was established by Article 1 of the Constitution. Thus the Congress, the collective legislative body consists of the Senate and the House. These two House were established so as to balance the concerns of smaller but more populated states against those of larger but more sparsely ones. Thus the Senate is made up of 100 members known as Senators. Each state is allowed two representatives. However The House of Representatives currently consists of 435 members, with each state’s representation dependent on its population. The two Houses have got unique duties and powers and could be tasked with some specific duties as well. For example a House may initiate legislation that require people to pay taxes and can decide if public officials are to be tried if accused of crime. After every two years, re presentatives are elected. The Senate confirms presidential appointments such as that of ambassadors, cabinet members and federal judges. Federal officials accused of crime are tried by the Senate after the Senate votes to impeach the official. The senate is presided over by the vice president and the election of Senators takes place after every six years. The Judiciary This branch is established by Article 3 of the U.S constitution. However its powers duties nor organization is not spelt out here. This was left to the Congress and Justices of the Court itself to develop the authorities and operations of the entire Judiciary. The Supreme Court Justices are usually nominated by the president and later on approved by a majority of vote of the Senate. Their terms of service are

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Christianity versus Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Christianity versus Judaism - Essay Example The relationship between Christianity and Judaism is that they have had strains for over two thousand years of history before the coming of Jesus. Christians accused the Jews of refusing Christ Jesus as their Messiah, and on the other hand, the Jews accused Christians of interfering with the aspect of one God by emphasizing on Jesus. (Dietrich pg 150) The Jews believed that the expected Messiah will be like any other person; his mother l conceive like any woman and he will be born like any other human. He will not be empowered with supernatural powers. Christians claim that Jesus had no father and was born from a virgin who conceived through the Holy Spirit. The Jews claim that Jesus failed to observe the Torah; they had great faith in the expected Messiah and they hoped that the Messiah will guide them in following and observing the laws. It states that all mitzvoth (commandments) will never be altered, and whoever attempts to change it is viewed as a false prophet (Deut 13:1-4). In some cases in the New Testament, Jesus went contrary to the Torah and claimed that the commandments are not applicable. For instance, John 9:14 documents that Jesus violated the Sabbath by making a paste. Apart from all the other existing religious groups, only the Jews believe is solely based on national revelation. They believe that God will speak to the whole nation. They claim that if God intends to start a religion, therefore he will tell everyone but not only one person. Judaism does not rely on miraculous claims as their religious basis. (Neusner pg 201) The Jews claim that Jesus was not a prophet, they believe that prophecy can exist in Israel alone when the majority of the world is inhibited by Jewry.  

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The conflict between Israel and Palestine Essay Example for Free

The conflict between Israel and Palestine Essay The conflict between Israel and Palestine has already endured for almost a century. While the conflict may be simple to understand, it is nevertheless also very complex as the reasons for such conflict has centered mostly in the control of the territory surrounding the two parties and sadly though, the conflict has resulted to the destruction, revenge and animosity between them. Accordingly, the conflict is a result of the parties’ search for each own national identity and determination of both countries. The Israelis believe that the legal owners and successors of the land now known as Israel, while the Palestinians also believe that they are entitled to the land they call Palestine. Unfortunately though, both sides are claiming the same land and that they simply call the land with two different names. However, it is a fact that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict has already instigated half a dozen regional wars in the past decades which in turn threatened access to critical petroleum resources. Moreover, the conflict has also provided justification for the increased militarization of almost all the region and has resulted in a large number of deaths among civilians from both sides. Background In the ancient times, the Jews called the land in dispute as Israel, Canaan, Judea, Samaria and many others. Christians and modern Jews believe that God gave this land to the ancient Jews. However, when the Romans occupied the area about 2000 years ago, suppressing many Jewish rebellions, killed thousands of Jews and forced many others to leave their homeland, an event which is called the Jewish Diaspora. Although some Jews still remained in the area, it was not until the 19th century and 20th century, specifically the end of the Holocaust and the Second World War did a large number of Jews return. When the Israelis returned, it eventually led to trouble since in the two thousand years after majority of the Jewish population was killed or forced to leave the area, Arab-speaking Muslims became the dominant group. Based on the records of the Ottoman Empire, in 1900, the population of Palestine was 600,000 of which 94 percent were Arabs. Although many Arabs were willing to sell their lands to the returning Jews, many of them still were viewing this as an event that would lead the Palestinians to become a minority in the land that they have now considered their own. The Ottoman Empire used to rule Arab world including Palestine or Israel, the West Bank of the Jordan river and the Gaza Strip. But after World War I, Palestine came under the control of the British who was primarily responsible for complicating matters in the growing conflict between the two camps as it made contradictory promises to the French, Arab and European Zionist leaders about how and by whom the area was to be governed. Not surprisingly thus, the commitments made by the British to the different camps led to a mounting tension among them. To make matters worse, the growing power of Adolf Hitler in Germany has led to the dramatic increase of Jewish immigrants and these prompted the Palestinians to fear that a Jewish homeland would be created at their expense. Thus, in the 1930s, the Palestinians staged a massive revolt, known as the Great Arab Revolt against the British. This revolt was particularly directed at the British and the Jews as a response to the British commission which split Palestine into two. After World War II, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 181 which called for the creation of two states: one Jewish and the other Arab within an already partitioned Palestine. The resolution gave proposed Jewish state 56 percent of the territory, including most of the fertile coastal area, although at this joint, the Jewish community owned only 6 to 8 percent of the total land and made up about a third of the population (Gerner). When the British evacuated Palestine in May 1948, Israel as well declared its independence and fighting immediately ensued after the UN passed Resolution 181. Although relatively small compared to the Palestinians, the Israeli-Zionist military forces were well-trained, well armed and well-organized. During the war, Israeli forces were able to destroy over 500 Palestinian villages and captured 78 percent of historic Palestine. By the end of the war, almost 70 percent of all Palestinians became refugees with only about 150,000 remaining in Israel. The Palestinian dislocation, dispossession and economic deprivation came to be known as the Palestinian nakba (catastrophe). Those that remained in Israel were under strict military regulation, faced restrictions in their economic activities and arrest for political reasons. This continued on for about twenty years until out of despair and conviction that the surrounding Arab countries would not be able to help them, the Palestinians undertook matters into their own hands. Palestinians began to initiate massive resistance from the Israelis. In Gaza, men and women engaged in an insurrection that began in 1968 and lasted for three years. In the West Bank, charitable organizations provided an organizational structure through which the Palestinians could undertake resistance activities (Gerner). In the 1970s, international awareness and support for the Palestinians grew. The Arab League for instance held a conference concluding that the Palestinian Liberation Organization headed by Yasser Arafat was the â€Å"sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people†. The United Nations also granted the PLO observer status in the organization. However, these eventful victories were little compared to what the Israelis were doing. In order to boost their stand and claim in the conflict, Palestinians began in 1987 a massive uprising and community-wide action against the Israelis who has occupied Palestine for a lengthy period already. Palestinians engaged in strikes and resistance such as stone throwing, creating barricades to immobilize Israeli forces, boycotts of Israeli products and other civil disobedience and disturbances. These in turn led to a huge number of Palestinian arrests and detention by Israeli military forces. Many civilians were deported given curfews and sealed off. Ideologies and Conflict: The issues which have been responsible for the long conflict between the two communities have not changed at all and have remained constant ever since. Among them are: Borders for each community: In the absence of a fixed and agreed boundary for both parties, the conflict between Israel, Palestine and the other Arab nations claiming for strips of territory would not cease at all. Refugees and their right to return to Palestine. As many of the Palestinians were displaced and disposed, UN Resolution stating that â€Å"The refugees wishing to return to their homes and live at peace with their neighbors should be permitted to do so at the earliest practicable date†¦compensation should be paid for the property of those choosing not to return†Ã‚   passed in December 1948   has never been implemented. Settlers and Settlements: Vague political, civil and national status of almost 400,000 Jewish Israelis currently living on occupied land within the West Bank and the Gaza Strip as well as the political, civil and national status of Palestinians currently living in Israel. Allocation of natural resources such as water among the region. Security for all states and people in the region notwithstanding the ethnicity. Economic access and viability of both regions. Intervention of the international community to address the issues at hand. Proposals and Management to End the Conflict Ever since the start of the twentieth century, efforts were already instituted by various countries and entities to settle the dispute between the Israelis and the Palestinians. The United Nations, as a response to its vote to divide Palestine has created the United Nations Relief and Works Agency in order to take care of Palestinian refugees. It has also sent mediators to intercede through the years as well as passing more than a dozen of resolutions. These resolutions were made in order to call out cease fires, suggest approaches to resolve the conflict and condemned aggressive tactics and actions by each party. The United States on the other hand, has tried to lead in the management of the conflict although its efforts have been hindered because of its close relationship with Israel. For instance, the United States negotiated an agreement between the Israeli and Palestinian leaderships in Oslo, Norway. The Oslo Accords were intended as a framework to end the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. But the terms were so heavily weighted in Israel’s favor that the Agreements enabled Israel to consolidate its control over the West Bank and Gaza under the banner of the â€Å"peace process† (Susskind). Ramifications of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has now lasted for more than century and is still continuing. The efforts made to stop the conflict such as the British partition of Palestine 1948 and its commitment to give area to each party has only made matters worse. Although Israel is admittedly superior in terms of its military capabilities and has the support of the United States, one of the most powerful countries in the world, it has however failed to stop Palestinian nationalism. On the other hand, Palestine has also not achieved in advancing their cause despite having the support of other Arab nations in the region as well as the members of the United Nations. Both of these communities are at a loss and finding a solution to the conflict is still far from reality. The area in dispute holds a great significance and importance to the whole international community despite its small territory and resources. It is the seat of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, major religions of the world. Failure to resolve this conflict would result to larger consequences. For instance, the failure of the United States to resolve the conflict has undermined its capability as a world leader while the failure United Nations has indicated its inability to assert its power and prerogative.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Speech :: essays research papers

Now that this journey is declared officially â€Å"OVER† I would like for all of you teachers to recognize all my patience, understanding, and my abilities of persuasion. For all of you who made my life miserable and impossible, I still love ya!! * I would like to dedicate my abilities of skipping class to Mr. Diaz because without him, I wouldn’t be where I am right know. Thank you for never noticing! * I would also like to dedicate all my sore throats to Mr. Williams because without them, I probably wouldn’t be able to spit as many times as I did your coffee mug. * I dedicate my logros to the logro club Even though I wasn’t completely part of you guys, I’m aware the road is not easy and you guys did push it hard. * To Anibal, I dedicate the 101 times I arrived late to school and you nicely opened me the gate every single time. * To Carmen Alicia, I dedicate the happiness school brought to my face daily since she was always there giving me a smile specially in the moments of need. * To Mrs. Faillace I would like to dedicate my acceptance to Suffolk University because if it wasn’t for her support and comprehension I probably would never made it. * Mr. Gabriel, even though you always try to be funny but you aren’t, I dedicate you all my referrals to the office you let pass if I laughed at your bad jokes. * Lalito Escolar, I leave you my never ending love and our hidden affair. * Zuly, I dedicate you all the school rules I didn’t obey including in your own computers lab. (Checking e-mail) * To Mrs. Farr I dedicate my ability to sleep for 45 min. without you noticing. * To Mr. Barrios I dedicate my incredible ability to counterfeit passes since he never catch me one. * To All teachers, If you always have wondered why the teacher appreciation day gave you diarrhea, is because the drink had laxatives. Speech :: essays research papers Now that this journey is declared officially â€Å"OVER† I would like for all of you teachers to recognize all my patience, understanding, and my abilities of persuasion. For all of you who made my life miserable and impossible, I still love ya!! * I would like to dedicate my abilities of skipping class to Mr. Diaz because without him, I wouldn’t be where I am right know. Thank you for never noticing! * I would also like to dedicate all my sore throats to Mr. Williams because without them, I probably wouldn’t be able to spit as many times as I did your coffee mug. * I dedicate my logros to the logro club Even though I wasn’t completely part of you guys, I’m aware the road is not easy and you guys did push it hard. * To Anibal, I dedicate the 101 times I arrived late to school and you nicely opened me the gate every single time. * To Carmen Alicia, I dedicate the happiness school brought to my face daily since she was always there giving me a smile specially in the moments of need. * To Mrs. Faillace I would like to dedicate my acceptance to Suffolk University because if it wasn’t for her support and comprehension I probably would never made it. * Mr. Gabriel, even though you always try to be funny but you aren’t, I dedicate you all my referrals to the office you let pass if I laughed at your bad jokes. * Lalito Escolar, I leave you my never ending love and our hidden affair. * Zuly, I dedicate you all the school rules I didn’t obey including in your own computers lab. (Checking e-mail) * To Mrs. Farr I dedicate my ability to sleep for 45 min. without you noticing. * To Mr. Barrios I dedicate my incredible ability to counterfeit passes since he never catch me one. * To All teachers, If you always have wondered why the teacher appreciation day gave you diarrhea, is because the drink had laxatives.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Coursework Assessment Essay

In Patch Adams, Robin Williams portrays a doctor who strives to â€Å"improve the quality of life. â€Å"The movie is a perfect example of many cases of sacramental awareness and the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. Patch encounters a â€Å"once-brilliant† man in a psychiatric clinic. Arthur Mendel son helps hunter the first character Patch meets is Arthur Mendel son. Arthur influences Patch’s ability to see through problems. In a Christ-like manner, we must see through and past the problems and look ahead toward the solution Christ died for our sins by looking past the problem. Patch also helps out his roommate, Rudy out. This brings on a revelation for Patch which lets him see through the scientific names of diseases. He learns to treat the person, not the disease. When he agrees to become a doctor, Patch is not only venturing into the field to physically heal people but also more importantly to spiritually heal people. This parallels Anointing of the Sick after meeting his two close friends, Truman and Cairn, Patch desires to reach out and help people, not to bury himself in his books. His friends quickly jump on the bandwagon and help him to carry out his theories. The sacramental awareness of Patch’s roommate is questionable until we find that he is genuinely good in the end. However, Dean Walcott is up until the end a foe of Patch’s. He is concerned with the physical aspect of healing much more than the spiritual aspect of healing. In the old church, Anointing of the Sick was sometimes believed to be physical. The spiritual aspect of healing would later be brought back into effect rightfully. When Patch is treating patients in his clinic, he exhibits great sacramental awareness by simply admitting that we are a community that can help each other. He proclaims that everyone is both a doctor and a patient. Patch also nears the meaning of the sacrament of Anointing of the Sick. He heals people in a beautiful way.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Conan Doyle Essay

In the â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle† Sherlock Holmes solves the mystery of a stolen diamond. The criminal in this story is a man named James Ryder. After James Ryder had stolen â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle† he stuck it down a goose’s throat. The goose that had the diamond was distributed the Breckenridge Stall, then sold to a goose club at the Alpha Inn. Sherlock Holmes bumps into James Ryder outside the Breckenridge Stall. Sherlock Holmes makes the criminal confess to what he had done. Sherlock Holmes then lets him go free because he thinks that he will not commit any more crimes, because of how fearful he was. It was quite important for Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to create a strange atmosphere because it adds to the tension. All three stories have strange and unusual atmospheres, but each story’s atmosphere is different. In â€Å"The Red Headed League†, Conan Doyle describes the area of Saxe-Coburg Square. He shows how unpleasant and muddled the area is. â€Å"It was a pokey, little, shabby-genteel place, where four lines of dingy two-storied brick houses looked out into a small railed-in enclosure, where a lawn of weedy grass and a few clumps of faded laurel bushes made a hard fight against a smoke-laden and uncongenial atmosphere. † The words that are used here show the messiness and unpleasantness of the area. The words â€Å"pokey†, â€Å"little†, â€Å"shabby-genteel†, â€Å"dingy† and â€Å"smoke-laden† all give a pretty good idea that the area was quite chaotic. In â€Å"The Speckled Band† Conan Doyle created a thrilling and frightening atmosphere, as if it was a horror story. â€Å"The Speckled Band† was set at â€Å"Stoke Moran† in â€Å"Surrey†, which is where Julia Stoner was killed. At the beginning of the story when Helen Stoner is talking to Sherlock Holmes about her problems she describes how the night was when Julia was killed. â€Å"It was a wild night†, this shows that that night was unlike any ordinary night. â€Å"The wind was howling outside, and the rain was beating and splashing against the windows. † This describes a lot of the atmosphere; it shows that the weather was quite stormy. This also explains why Helen couldn’t sleep. â€Å"Suddenly, amidst all the hubbub of the gale, there burst forth the wild scream of a terrified woman. † Conan Doyle’s intended effect was to thrill the reader; Conan Doyle has achieved this by using the words â€Å"wild†, â€Å"howling† and â€Å"beating†. Here the writer’s effect was to try and scare or thrill the reader. Whereas in â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle† the atmosphere was a little different. â€Å"It was a bitter night†. Here, Conan Doyle is trying to show the reader that it is cold outside. He achieves this by describing the night as â€Å"bitter†. The reader will also know that it is cold because Holmes and Watson both put on their â€Å"ulsters† and â€Å"cravats†. â€Å"Outside, the stars were shining coldly in a cloudless sky†, here Conan Doyle is trying to show the reader that the area is very calm and peaceful, unlike in â€Å"The Red Headed League† where the area is busy and unpleasant. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used different ways to show that these stories take place in the 1880’s and 1890’s. Most of the time he mentions â€Å"carriages†, which were used in that time. Nowadays carriages are not used because they have been replaced by cars. In â€Å"The Red Headed League† when Sherlock Holmes is memorising all the shops at Saxe-Coburg Square he comes across a shop that makes carriages. â€Å"McFarlane’s carriage-building depot†. Here the writer intended to show the reader that this was a time where carriages were used as a form of transport. The effect on the reader is that the reader knows this story is set in the 1890’s. Conan Doyle also uses dates and newspapers to show that these stories are set in the 1880’s and 1890’s. In â€Å"The Speckled Band† and â€Å"The Red Headed league† Conan Doyle mentions the date, but he does not mention the date in â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle†. In â€Å"The Speckled Band†, right at the beginning of the story while Dr. Watson is narrating, he says â€Å"It was early in April, in the year ’83†; hear the writer is showing the reader that this story is taking place in the year 1883. In â€Å"The Red Headed League†, the note that Jabez Wilson shows to Sherlock Holmes had a date on it. The note said, â€Å"THE RED-HEADED LEAGUE IS DISSOLVED. October 9, 1890. † Also when Mr. Wilson is showing Sherlock Holmes the advertisement he mentions the date on the newspaper. â€Å"It is The Morning Chronicle of April 27, 1890. Just two months ago. † By saying that the newspaper was from two months ago, Conan Doyle is telling the reader that this story was set in 1890. Conan Doyle did not always use the same techniques, to show that each story was set in the 1880’s and 1890’s. Unlike â€Å"The Speckled Band† and â€Å"The Red Headed League†, in â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle† there are no dates to show that the story is set in the 1880’s and 1890’s. Conan Doyle uses different techniques to show that this story is also set in that time. In â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle† and â€Å"The Red Headed† Conan Doyle refers to gas-lit lamps, as gas lamps were used in the 1880’s and 1890’s. In â€Å"The Blue Carbuncle† when Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson were jus about to leave the Breckenridge stall, Watson narrates â€Å"Turning round we saw a little rat-faced fellow standing in the centre of the circle of yellow light which was thrown by the swinging lamp. † He also says, â€Å"He sprang round, and I could see in the gas-light that every vestige of colour had been driven from his face. † Also in â€Å"The Red Headed League† Watson says, â€Å"We rattled through an endless labyrinth of gas-lit streets until we emerged into Farrington Street. † These references to gas lamps show that the stories were set in the 1880’s and 1890’s. Conan Doyle also referred to matches in â€Å"The Speckled Band†. Even though we use matches nowadays, we do not use them for the same purposes as in the 1880’s and 1890’s. In those times they were used to see in the dark or to light lanterns. When Helen stoner is talking about what happened to her sister Julia she mentions a match. â€Å"In her right hand was found the charred stump of a match, and in her left a match-box. † This shows that when Julia woke up she struck a match to see what was going on. The value of money in the 1880’s and the 1890’s was much different than the value for money now. At that time people were paid around i 4 a week, which was considered quite a lot of money. Whereas, people now are paid much more and with i 4 you cant really buy much. The social differences in those times also show that these stories were based in the 1880’s and 1890’s. If you look at Helen Stoner, she was a rich woman that lived in a big house with servants. In those times rich people were considered superior to poorer people. Nowadays you wouldn’t find servants working for rich people, because weather your rich or poor you have rights. The audience or readers would recognise the places named in the stories, which are all in England. The intended effect of the writer was to make the reader feel as if he or she was in the story itself, which would make it feel more dramatic. Conan Doyle achieves this by using areas in London that most people live in. Places such as â€Å"Holborn† and â€Å"Harrow†. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle used very unusual titles for his stories to intrigue the reader. When a reader sees the title â€Å"The Speckled Band†, he or she wouldn’t think of a venomous Indian snake. The reader wouldn’t know what to think, which make them want to read the story to see what â€Å"The Speckled Band† is. The same with â€Å"The Red Headed League†, which is a very unusual title. The reader wouldn’t think that that â€Å"The Red Headed League† was a club for read headed people who were paid i 4 a week for copying the â€Å"Encyclopaedia Britannica†. Conan Doyle uses these unusual titles to throw the reader off track. In â€Å"The Speckled band† Conan Doyle makes the reader think that the gypsies are the ones that killed Julia Stoner. He makes it look like all the evidence points to them. Helen Stoner says, â€Å"†¦ perhaps to these very gypsies in the plantation. I do not know whether the spotted handkerchiefs which so many of them wear over their heads might have suggested the strange adjective which she used. † The effect on the reader was that he or she would be thrown off track to make the story feel more interesting. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle uses some very interesting openings to grab the reader’s attention. Also, every character that Conan Doyle introduces is different in some way, which makes the story feel more interesting and also to intrigue the reader.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Continuous Probability Notes Essay

Continuous Probability Notes Essay Continuous Probability Notes Essay Chapter 6: Continuous Probability Distributions Study Modules (PPT presentations): Introduction to Continuous Probability Distributions Normal Probability Distribution Discrete Distributions Excel Tutorial: Computing Normal Probabilities Java Applet: Normal Distribution Areas Normal Approximation to Binomial Probabilities Continuous Random Variables: A continuous random variable can assume ____any value_______________ in an interval on the real line or in a collection of intervals. It is not possible to talk about the probability of the random variable assuming a __specific___________ (P(x=X)=0) value. Instead, we talk about the probability of the random variable assuming a value within a given _____interval_____________________. The probability of the random variable assuming a value within some given interval from x1 to x2 is defined to be the ___area under the graph_______ of the ___probability density function__ between x1 and x2. Three continuous Random Variables will be discussed in this chapter: Uniform Probability Distribution, Normal Probability Distribution, and Exponential Probability Distribution. I. Uniform Probability Distribution A random variable is uniformly distributed whenever the ____probability__________ is proportional to the interval’s length. The uniform probability ___________________________ is: where: a = smallest value the variable can assume b = largest value the variable can assume Expected Value of x: E(x) = ______________________________ Variance of x: Var(x) = ______________________________ Example: Slater’s Buffet: Slater customers are charged for the amount of salad they take. Sampling suggests that the amount of salad taken is uniformly distributed between 5 ounces and 15 ounces. Therefore: The amount salad customer taken is an uniform distributed random variable with density function: f(x) = 1/10, for 5 ≠¤ x ≠¤ 15 = 0, elsewhere Where: x= salad plate filling weight Expected Value of x: E(x) = (a+b)/2 = __ µ (mean)_________________ Variance of x: Var(x) = (b-a)2/12 = __ ÏÆ'_(standard deviation)______________ Area as a Measure of Probability: The area under the graph of f(x) and probability are identical. This is valid for all continuous random variables. The probability that x takes on a value between some lower value x1 and some higher value x2 can be found by computing the area under the graph of f(x) over the interval from x1 to x2. II. Normal Probability Distribution The normal probability distribution is the most important distribution for describing a continuous random variable. It is widely used in statistical inference. It has been used in a wide variety of applications including: Heights of people Test scores Rainfall amounts Scientific measurements Abraham de Moivre, a French mathematician, published The Doctrine of Chances in 1733. He derived the normal distribution. Standard Normal Probability Distribution: A random variable having a normal distribution with a mean of _____ and a standard deviation of ____ is said to have a standard normal probability distribution. Converting to the Standard Normal Distribution: z = ____ (X - ÃŽ ¼) / ÏÆ' ______________________________________ We can think of z as a measure of the number of standard deviations x is from  µ. Reference: Using Excel to Computer Standard Normal Probabilities (p.266) Example: Pep Zone Pep Zone sells auto parts and supplies including a popular multi-grade motor oil. When the stock of